Petrochemical fire fighting methods

Petrochemical fires have the characteristics of rapid fire development and spread and large burning area. Therefore, when organizing and directing fire fighting, it is necessary to implement the principle of first control and then elimination according to the characteristics of the fire, flexibly use fire extinguishing tactics, and effectively fight the fire. According to different combustion substances and fire conditions, corresponding tactical measures should be taken to quickly and safely extinguish the fire.

1. Scientific planning, to control fast and fast. The key to effective fighting of petrochemical fires lies in planning, that is, fire extinguishing command according to scientific plans. For the key parts of petrochemical enterprises, it is necessary to formulate a feasible fire fighting operation plan on the basis of investigation and research and tactical exercises, and the unit planning to participate in the war can ensure that the commander has a clear combat plan; The driver is clear about the driving directions and parking locations; Combatants are clear about their mission; The water supply staff is clear about the water source. When a fire occurs in the unit or part of the petrochemical enterprise, it can act according to the plan. First of all, dispatch forces to implement planned command. According to the plan, all required firefighting forces can be transferred to the fire site at one time; Second, commanders at all levels who are dispatched may, in accordance with the provisions of the plan, each command the driving route of their own unit and the combat operations after arriving at the scene, and actively carry out on-the-spot command in view of the fire situation, do a good job in coordinated operations, and jointly complete various combat tasks. In this way, we can achieve fast dispatch of forces, fast fire scene, fast fire reconnaissance, and fast battle unfolding, and orderly put into battle, and confront the characteristics of rapid development of petrochemical fires. For the fight against petrochemical fires, it is especially important to have rapid combat command and combat operations. To fight petrochemical fires, only by commanding according to the plan can we fundamentally overcome the passive situation of deploying firefighting forces; Only then can we give full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of firefighting commanders at all levels, consciously command the combat operations of their own units, and prevent the phenomenon that the commander of the fire scene is in a hurry on the spot, heeds about one or the other, and the commander of the brigade passively obeys orders, disorder on the spot, and delays fighters. Only by implementing the plan and commanding can we be fast and not chaotic, win time, seize favorable fighters, and use planned and rapid actions to subdue the rapid development of petrochemical fires and fight a quick victory.

2. Block the fire to prevent the spread. Petrochemical fires, in most cases, are fires in materials, production equipment and a certain part of the building. When fighting this kind of fire, the first task is to control the development of the fire and eliminate the spread and expansion of the fire, that is, to deploy capable forces to block the fire in the main aspects of the fire spread. Prevent spread. If a fire breaks out in a material in a petrochemical production and storage equipment, try to cool the building or tank structure, or reduce the combustion intensity to prevent the building from igniting and expand the fire. Similarly, when a building or oil tank catches fire, the fire has a direct threat to the production equipment and the materials inside, in this case, efforts should be concentrated to eliminate the threat of the fire to the production and storage equipment, and stop the spread and expansion of the fire. In addition, in petrochemical fires, often due to the high temperature or explosion of storage tanks, containers and pipelines, when breaking, a large number of flammable, combustible liquids will be dispersed and burned, so that the fire rapidly expands and spreads. In order to stop the dispersion of combustion, methods such as cutting off the source of combustion liquid, building embankments or diversion can be adopted to block the development of the fire and create favorable conditions for extinguishing the fire.

3. Grasp the key points and eliminate dangerous situations. According to the characteristics of petrochemical fires that are prone to explosion, the fire brigade must quickly find out the situation when it arrives at the fire site, and for the fire site where the explosion is occurring, it is necessary to choose favorable terrain features and strong breakthroughs; Organize the covering force so that the attacking force is close to the point of explosion, and according to the nature of the explosion, use a strong flow of water or other fire extinguishing agents to destroy the source of fire that is causing the explosion, and at the same time cool the substances or equipment that have not yet exploded, eliminating the risk of explosion; Due to the influence of the fire explosion or equipment may explode, it is necessary to organize assault forces, adopt key breakthrough tactics, break through the blockade of pyrotechnics, control the fire, eliminate the threat of fire to explosive substances or equipment, and at the same time, for the threatened substances, should try to carry out cooling evacuation, create safe conditions for fighting fires, and then organize forces to fight fires.

4. Divide and encircle, and fight quickly. Fire in storage tanks, reactors, and pipelines is first burned in a tank or a certain section, and with the development of combustion, the fire spreads to adjacent tanks or equipment. In view of this combustion characteristic, the strategy of segmentation and encirclement should be adopted, and the forces should be concentrated to surround the combustion tank or reactor and protect the adjacent tank, reactor, equipment, etc. If several tanks or reactors are burning, the burning tank or reactor must be divided and surrounded according to the fire extinguishing force and the specific situation of the fire site, and the fire must be extinguished at the same time for a quick victory. When fighting burning torches on raw material storage tanks, reactors and pipelines, the fire site commander must make preparations to extinguish the fire while deploying forces to cool the equipment. First of all, it is necessary to organize the water supply work of the fire site, select capable water gunners, be responsible for fire extinguishing and cover work, and form a situation of encircling each torch. When the water gunner enters the fire extinguishing position to test the water, the commander will give a unified order to extinguish the fire. There are several specific methods of extinguishing fires: under the cover of water by the water gunner, the combatant or worker closes the valves of the gas pipeline; Tissue covering asphyxiation; The flame is cut off with a dense stream of water, so that the combustible gas is separated from the flame, and the combustion formed by the torch is extinguished. In the process of fire extinguishing, it is necessary to insist on cooling the heated equipment to prevent the production and storage equipment from being damaged, causing the spread and expansion of the fire.